indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
branch office; branch store
section manager; section chief
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
branch manager; manager of a branch office
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
steel; steal (baseball, basketball); still (picture)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
contract; compact; agreement
to furnish; to install; to get someone's agreement; to patronize; to buy usually from the same store
(being in) the red; deficit; red letter; red writing; corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
100,000,000; one hundred million
(being in) the black; surplus; black letter
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
only; merely; but; no more than
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
embellishment (e.g. of a story); ornamentation; decoration; (arch.) putting on makeup
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
successfully; fairly; artfully; nicely; thoroughly
to take by deception; to defraud someone of; to swindle someone out of; to cheat someone out of
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to rub on; to rub against; to wipe on; to lay the blame on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
planning; scheming; maneuvering; manoeuvring