Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway; Shuto Expressway
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route; down-slope; downward going; downbound (esp. away from Tokyo); downstream
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
ascent; climbing; up-train; train heading toward the starting point of its route; upbound (esp. toward Tokyo); upstream
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
congestion (e.g. traffic); delay; stagnation
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
honorific/polite/humble prefix
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to chase; to run after; to pursue
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial