indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
older sister; elder sister
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to leave as; to view as; to maintain the status quo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
older sister and younger brother
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
innermost depths of one's heart
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
unconsciousness; unconscious; involuntary; the unconscious (psychoanalysis)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
to overflow from something full
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
Izu (former province located on the Izu Peninsula in present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Izu Islands)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
in comparison to; rather than
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.