indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk