indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
don't you think?; indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to take in; to bring in; to capture (e.g. image); to import; to win over; to please
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
watercolor painting; watercolour painting; mizu-e; early type of ukiyo-e with faintly printed outlines
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to join a household (as a housewife or househusband); to become a housewife; to become a househusband
childcare; child-rearing; nursing; upbringing
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
superiority complex; sense of superiority
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
in short; the point is; the important thing is; in a word; basically