such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
leading actor; star; leading figure; central figure; key figure
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
time; hour; period; class
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
just as (each) one likes; as (each) one pleases; as (each) one prefers; (each) in one's own way
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
future (usually near); prospects
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed