today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
director; executive; officer; official; person in charge
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
call; summons; convening; convocation
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
master; teacher; stable master
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
completely; absolutely; totally; (not) at all
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
end of a match; end of a game
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo