sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
thief; burglar; robber; theft; burglary; robbery
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
letter; missive; note; mail
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to be much obliged (to someone); to receive favor (favour); to be indebted; to be grateful
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
Buddhist priest; bonze; close-cropped hair; crew cut; boy; sonny
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing