previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; entire; whole; altogether
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
impossible; unlikely; improbable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
had better ...; had better not ...
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
extra; more; unnecessary; needless; all the more; even more
overly serious; serious to a fault; humorless
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity