that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
serious; not joking; straight
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily