indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
river; stream; River; the ... river
embankment; bank; beef sinew stewed in miso and mirin
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to jump at; to be attracted by
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
inside one's heart; in one's mind
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to sell off; to sell completely
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nursing; care; caregiving; caring
utensil; implement; tool; instrument; appliance; apparatus
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(not) even once; (not) ever
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
temple which issues amulets
visit (to a religious site, e.g. shrine, temple, grave)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)