how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
great awakening; great enlightening; greatly awakened person; understanding; comprehension
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
of late; lately; this part; this point; here
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
appearing one after another; cropping up one after another; occurring in succession
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
good feeling; feeling good
attaining Buddhahood; becoming a Buddha; entering Nirvana; going to heaven; resting in peace; dying (peacefully)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
proprietress (of a traditional Japanese inn or restaurant); landlady; hostess; mistress
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ryokan; traditional inn; Japanese-style lodging, usu. professionally-run
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
establishment (of a business); founding
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)