grand; magnificent; majestic; great; sublime
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
clearing one's throat; cough
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
when; how soon; how long until
to open one's mouth (to talk); to (start to) tell
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
interview (e.g. for a job)
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
serious wound; serious injury
to be squashed by; to be pinned under
unable to move; dead in the water; completely helpless
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)