jpdb beta

chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)

3

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

103

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

101

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

9

be; is

27

like that; so

2

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

7

I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal

1

to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour

1

sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid

4

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

38

bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly

2

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

32

but; however; although

10

tomorrow; near future

5

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

33

company president; manager; director

7

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

155

house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name

7

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

97

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

5

to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch

5

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

29

that; those; the

8

profit; advantage; benefit; rebirth in paradise, entering nirvana

1

mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)

6

group (usu. of people)

8

huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!

3

but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...

13

sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly

1

there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you

3

orchid; Netherlands; Holland

7

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

26

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

49

suffix for familiar person

2

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

9

then; well; so; be; is

8

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

22

a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily

11

nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not

1

ah; oh; hey!

10

to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly

1

housekeeper; maid

48

agency

2

to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed

4

Tsubota

1

please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give

3

honorific/polite/humble prefix

26

to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)

1

please (give me); please (do for me)

13