flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be deaf; to not be able to hear
to talk; to chat; to chatter
so what?; what of it?; and?; why do you ask?
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
(only) one option; one possible choice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be helpful; to be useful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
suffix for familiar person
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
serious; not joking; straight