indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
having only tiles of one suit and no honor tiles (meld)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
night watch; night watchman
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
purse snatching; handbag snatching; purse snatcher; handbag snatcher
punishment; judgement; judgment
at least; at most; (even) just
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
malicious; vicious; malignant; shoddy; inferior; poor-quality
molester; groper; masher; pervert
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
weak person; the weak; vulnerable person; disadvantaged person
to threaten; to menace; to frighten (into doing)
blackmail; extortion; threat (to extort money)
perpetrators of (some) crime; (some type of) crime
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
learning by watching others; learning by imitation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!