indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
specific medicine; wonder drug; silver bullet
study; research; investigation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sal (tree) (Shorea robusta); saul; Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
research thesis; treatise
around the world; throughout the world
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
pharmaceutical (drug) company
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
malignant (cancer); virulent; pernicious (anemia, anaemia)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very