squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
offender; criminal; culprit
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
confidence; trust; faith; credit (finance)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
breaking off a relationship; permanent breach of friendship; rupture
foreign-made car; imported car; paddle wheel
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
things at hand; personal belongings
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
counter for large animals (e.g. head of cattle); counter for insects in a collection; counter for helmets, masks, etc.
thoughtless; reckless; seldom; rare; ordinary; usual
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
gate ball (game similar to croquet)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to let (someone) hear; to tell (e.g. a story); to make (someone) listen; to make (someone) understand; to grip (someone) with skilful singing, storytelling, etc.; to hold (someone) enchanted by
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
rice grasshopper (of genus Oxya); grasshopper; locust (of family Catantopidae)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others