coward; weakling; scaredy cat; wimp; sissy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stairs; stairway; staircase
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
concentration (of efforts, forces, etc.); gathering together; regimentation; marshalling; mobilization
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to fall off; to tumble down
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; so?
font of purifying water placed at the entrance of a shrine
president (of a society); chairman
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
swallow (bird of the Hirundinidae family); martin; barn swallow (Hirundo rustica); younger man involved with an older woman; boy toy
suffix for familiar person