coward; weakling; scaredy cat; wimp; sissy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
union; unity; bundling; binding; (arch.) putting on (clothes, armour, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
stairs; stairway; staircase
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
don't you think?; indicates question
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand in the way; to bar someone's way; to block the way
belief; faith; conviction
-less; lacking; non-existing
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to knock down; to beat (someone) up; to injure (someone) so badly they cannot recover (esp. emotionally); to overwhelm (with mental anguish, etc.)
nectar; honey; honeydew; treacle; molasses; sorbitol (when visible as dark patches inside an apple)
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
difference; variation; difference
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
head of the student council; president of the student council
swallow (bird of the Hirundinidae family); martin; barn swallow (Hirundo rustica); younger man involved with an older woman; boy toy
pupil; student; schoolchild
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
leadership; initiative; spearhead
reform; reformation; reorganization
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate