indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
older sister; lass; young lady
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
(lit.) blood flows; to have the blood of ... running in one's veins (artist, warrior, etc.); to be born with particular skills, characteristics, etc.; to have something "in one's blood"
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
no change; no difference; no unusual events; no accidents; no incidents
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
critical condition; being on the verge of death