indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
when it becomes; when it comes to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
extension of a straight line; (conclusion) following as an extension of (an argument)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
both; both sides; both parties
vague; ambiguous; shady; disreputable; fuzzy
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...