indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unforeseen; unexpected; sudden; accidental
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
ex-wife; former wife; previous wife
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child from previous marriage; child of a former spouse; stepchild
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
parting; separation; farewell
now; the present time; just now; another; more
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
wisdom; enlightenment; prajñā (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to profit; to get; to have (bear, beget) a child; to have a stroke of luck
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to come together; to join; to get married; to become a married couple
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
myself; yourself; I; me; you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mask; disguise; guise; mask
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to