indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
parting; separation; farewell
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to come together; to join; to get married; to become a married couple
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mask; disguise; guise; mask
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
konnyaku (Amorphophallus konjac); konjac; devil's tongue; konnyaku jelly; konjac jelly; devil's tongue jelly
such; this sort of; like this
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
form; shape; figure; visage
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)