indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
uncertain; vague; ambiguous
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mask; disguise; guise; mask
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
I see; that's right; indeed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
please (give me); please (do for me)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's