indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
uncertain; vague; ambiguous
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mask; disguise; guise; mask
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
wisdom; enlightenment; prajñā (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
unseasonable; out of season
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk