to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to achieve results; to be successful (in a venture, etc.)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to feel; to sense; to experience
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of