expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first-class; top grade; characteristic; peculiar; school (e.g. of a performance art); one flag
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
lapis lazuli; lapis lazuli (color); beryl; mall blue passerine bird (esp. the blue-and-white flycatcher and the Siberian blue robin, but also the red-flanked bluetail); glass
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
beloved child; dear child
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
all present; all concerned; all of us
honorific/polite/humble prefix
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; (an expert) in the making; beginning; origin
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)