field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
to jump; to leap; to break up; to close; to hit (e.g. to have a car hit something or someone)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
acting as agent; acting on (someone's) behalf; executing business for
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
man; male; masculine gender
such; like that; that sort of; very
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago