indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
Kanto; region consisting of Tokyo and surrounding prefectures; Kanto; north-eastern half of Japan (during the feudal era)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
advance (into a new market or stage of progress); launching (a new career or venture); expanding (into a new market); stepping forward; emerging
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
serious; not joking; straight
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
memories; recollections; reminiscence
making; forming; cultivating; form; appearance
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
staff; member (club, society, etc.)
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
technique; art; skill; move
name; given name; first name
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
than; from; out of; except; but; more
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)