to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; indifferent; half-hearted; dispirited
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
pupil; student; schoolchild
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
pretending not to see something; turning a blind eye to; burying one's head in the sand
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
TASS (Russian News Agency)
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading