the New Year begins; the New Year starts
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to pass (of time); to elapse
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
fortune slip (usu. bought at a shrine)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
suffix for familiar person
how; in what way; how about
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
bad luck; bad fortune; evil; wickedness
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
mock exam; practice exam; practice test
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
results; record; grades; marks
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
bright light; hope; bright future; light emanating from a buddha or bodhisattva, symbolizing their wisdom and compassion
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
moment; brief space of time
now advancing and now retreating; ebb and flow; seesawing; taking alternately favorable and unfavorable turns
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at