if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to subsist; to keep on living
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
woman; girl; daughter; Chinese "Girl" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to creep up; to crawl up; to overcome (a bad situation); to rise (after a setback)
that's the way it is; such is life
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
festival game in which participants try to catch goldfish in a shallow paper ladle
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how; in what way; how about