papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
tourist bus; sightseeing bus
toppling sideways; turning sideways; falling over sideways; barrel roll
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rescue; extricate; reclaim; deliverance
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
list of passengers; passenger manifest; passenger register
name; given name; first name
Japanese person; Japanese people
to be believed to; to be expected to; to be feared to; to be poised to; to be considered to; to be likely to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
enlightenment; great wisdom
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation