indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; good
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
disabled person; handicapped person; person with a (physical or mental) disability
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
swan (Cygnus spp.); white-feathered bird
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
please (give me); please (do for me)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to filch; to snatch; to steal (an idea, work, etc.); to plagiarize; to arrest; to nab
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
together; at the same time; same; identical
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
equality (esp. of status); equal footing; equal terms
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at