indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; good
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
withering; shrivelling; shrinking; atrophy; contraction
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
learned society; scientific society; academy; academic meeting; academic conference
official announcement; proclamation
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
swan (Cygnus spp.); white-feathered bird
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
ago; since; before; previous
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality