new leaves; young leaves; fresh verdure
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
generation of students educated under the "pressure-free" system (from the late 1970s onward)
one's whole life; one's lifetime
life; living; I; me; student
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
elbowroom; leeway; room; reserve; margin; allowance
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
lukewarm; tepid; half-hearted; vague; lenient; mild
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
study; learning; tutorial
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
reduction; decrease; subtraction; (arch.) reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryo codes)
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation); being immersed in; being absorbed in; prone to; apt to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
family; members of a family
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to hold up over one's head; to hold aloft; to hold over something; to hold (one's hands) out (e.g. towards a fire); to hold up to shade one's eyes, face, etc.
trip abroad; overseas travel
generation; the world; the age
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
smartly dressed; stylish; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable
having enough of (food, drink, etc.); having one's fill; fully enjoying