indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
nakedness; nudity; bareness; nakedness; being penniless; concealing nothing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
really; truly; indeed; good grief
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity