event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shift; to slide (e.g. something away from something else); to move (e.g. something out of the way); to put off; to delay; to postpone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
Emperor Jinmu; legendary founding Emperor of Japan
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
head; brains; intelligence
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
all; entire; whole; altogether