base (of a plant, tree, pillar, etc.); (part near the) root; roots (of one's hair); root (e.g. of a problem); source
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one way or another; in many ways; in various ways
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to leave behind; to put off; to postpone
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
one's house; one's home; one's family
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
loan; roan; lawn (i.e. short grass); lawn (type of cotton cloth)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
full payment; liquidation
family; members of a family
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
edge; angle; ridge (e.g. of a mountain)
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
humanities and sciences; social sciences and hard sciences; context; (line of) reasoning
department of a university; undergraduate (course, program, etc.)
society; public; community; social studies
study subject; course of study; department (university, etc.)