honorific/polite/humble prefix
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
appearing for the first time (esp. vocabulary, kanji, etc. in a school textbook)
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
for now; for the time being; for the present; though not quite satisfactorily; after a fashion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
count; earl; chief official of the Department of Worship; (arch.) eldest brother; Brazil; Brazilian
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
(another's) daughter; young lady
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for