to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
serious; earnest; honest; real; legit
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
terrific; staggering; tremendous; frightful; ghastly; horrific
harassment (in the workplace) from a position of power; power harassment
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
sudden impulse; passing fancy
sorry; excuse me; thank you
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
adds force or indicates command
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question