to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
such a stupid ...; what a crazy ...; no way!; what nonsense!; how can that be?
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
street; quarter; district; area
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
action; behavior; behaviour; (arch.) recommendation (of a person for a position)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fight against; to oppose; to face
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
older sister; lass; young lady
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage