indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
group; bunch; crowd; group
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fall; drop; descent; coming down
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
(in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song
to use as an intermediary; to worry; to mind; to care
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
space alien; alien; extraterrestrial being
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
equipping; installing; fitting; mounting; putting on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to fall into (e.g. a hole); to fall into (chaos, depression, dilemma, illness, etc.); to fall into (a trap, etc.); to fall; to surrender
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
soldier; combatant; warrior
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin