indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
father; dad; husband; you; he
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be dispersed; to get separated
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to fall into (someone's) hands; to fall under someone's control; to become someone's property (e.g. of an object)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fight against; to oppose; to face
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
finishing blow; coup de grâce
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
restoration; repair; mending