indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
light; lamp; counter for electric lights
race; tribe; species; genus; stellar population (i.e. population I, II and III)
extinction; extermination; eradication; stamping out; wiping out
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
war; fighting; fierce competition
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
(rock) crystal; high purity quartz
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take over; to capture; to seize; to hijack (vehicle, account, etc.)
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
repetition; repeat; reiteration; repeatedly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed