indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
messenger; envoy; emissary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
alien (from another planet)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
extinction; extermination; eradication; stamping out; wiping out
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to track down; to locate; to find out; to smoke out; to ferret out; to chase up
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
term; period; time frame; time limit; deadline; cutoff (date)
third day of the month; three days
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
descendant; posterity; offspring
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
orchid; Netherlands; Holland