Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adds force or indicates command
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
filling (up); replenishing; filling in (tooth); loading (gun with ammunition, camera with film, etc.); packing; plugging
now; the present time; just now; another; more
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
firing (esp. a rocket or missile); launching; shooting; ejaculation
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to repeat; to be frequent
life or death struggle; mortal combat; struggle to the death
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
drama; play; powerful drug
(in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
to hold fast; to protect to the end
young person; youth; young
soldier; combatant; warrior
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)