to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
journal; magazine; periodical
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
mountain climbing; mountaineering
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pinch; crisis; tough spot; clothespin
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to collect; to gather; to arrange; to put in order; to make uniform; to make even
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
heavenly nymph; celestial maiden; beautiful and kind woman
advantage; benefit; profit; interest