speaking of; (I told you) already; come on
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
winter vacation; winter holidays
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be still half asleep; to be half awake; to be not yet quite awake
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
soldier; combatant; warrior
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
severe; intense; awe-inspiring; biting; bitter (cold); piercing
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
arum (any plant of the genus Arum, typically having arrow-shaped leaves)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question